Scientific Facts Behind ADHD

Yes, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which includes what was once referred to as ADD (Attention-Deficit Disorder), is scientifically proven and widely recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Here are key scientific facts about ADHD:

Backed by Decades of Research:

ADHD has been studied extensively for over 50 years. It’s recognised by:

  • The American Psychiatric Association (APA) – listed in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) – listed in the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases).

  • Leading global medical organizations, including the CDC and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

 

A Real Difference in Brain Function:

Neuroimaging and brain scans show that people with ADHD often have:

  • Differences in brain structure and development, especially in the prefrontal cortex (responsible for executive function).

  • Altered activity in dopamine and norepinephrine systems. Neurotransmitters that affect attention, reward, and motivation.

 

It Affects Both Children and Adults

  • ADHD affects around 5–7% of children worldwide and 2.5–4% of adults.

  • Symptoms may change over time but often persist into adulthood.


Executive Function Challenges

Scientific research confirms that ADHD impacts:

  • Working memory

  • Impulse control

  • Attention regulation

  • Time management

  • Task initiation and completion

These are not just “bad habits,” they are linked to neurological differences, not character flaws.

 

Genetics Play a Major Role

  • ADHD has a strong genetic component. It tends to run in families.

  • Twin and family studies show heritability rates of about 70–80%, making it one of the most heritable psychiatric conditions.

 

If you’re ever told “ADHD isn’t real” you can be confident that science says otherwise. It’s real, it’s valid, and with support, people with ADHD can thrive.

 

Current Therapy Treatment Options for ADHD

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is often recommended for adults with ADHD.

  • ADHD specialist psychologists help with organization, time management, and task planning.

  • Helps build executive functioning skills over time

By: Chael Nel, Clinical Psychologist (South Africa)

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